Pharaoh Dynasties & Timelines
Trip Start
Feb 10, 2012
1
4
33
Trip End
Mar 12, 2012
Cairo, Egypt
Sunday, February 12, 2012
Little actual history is known of the pharaohs of the early
dynasties. Their monuments, however, are some of the most studied
artifacts in the world.
Horus Aha, Djer (Itit), Djet (Wadj), Den (Udimu), Anendjib, Semerkhet, Qa'a
2nd Dynasty 3890-2686BC
Hetepsekhemwy (Hotepsekhemwy), Reneb (Nebra), Ninetjer (Nynetjer), Peribsen (Seth-Peribsen), Khasekhemwy
OLD KINGDOM
The age of the Pyramid. The pyramids of Giza and Dahshur are built during this period.
3rd Dynasty
Sanakhte (Nebka) 2650 - 2630
Netjerykhet (Djoser) 2630 - 2611
Sekhemkhet (Djoser Teti) 2611 - 2603
Khaba 2603 - 2599
Huni 2599 - 2575
4th Dynasty
Snefru 2575 - 2551
Khufu (Cheops) 2551 - 2528
Djedefre 2528 - 2520
Khafre (Chephren) 2520 - 2494
Menkaure (Mycerinus) 2490 - 2472
Shepseskaf 2472 - 2467
5th Dynasty
Userkaf 2465 - 2458; Sahure 2458 - 2446; Neferirkare Kakai 2477-2467; Shepseskare Ini 2426 - 2419; Neferefre 2419 - 2416; Niuserre Izi 2453 - 2422; Menkauhor 2422 - 2414; Djedkare Izezi 2388 - 2356; Unas 2375-2345
6th Dynasty
Teti 2345 - 2333; Pepy I (Meryre) 2332 - 2283; Merenre Nemtyemzaf 2283 2278; Pepy II (Neferkare) 2278 - 2184
FIRST INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
This was a very troubled time. There was a breakdown of centralized government, with many kings having overlapping reigns. Montuhotep established order from his capital at Thebes.
7th and 8th Dynasties 2150 - 2135BC
Netrikare; Menkare; Neferkare II, Neferkare III; Djedkare II; Neferkare IV; Merenhor; Menkamin I; Nikare; Neferkare V; Neferkahor; Neferkare VI; Neferkamin II; Ibi I; Neferkaure; Neferkauhor; Neferirkare II
Attested Kings about whom nothing more is known
Wadjkare; Sekhemkare; Iti; Imhotep; Isu; Iytenu
9th and 10th Dynasties 2135 - 1986BC
Neferkare; several kings named Kheti; Meri-Hathor (?); Merikare
11th Dynasty
Inyotef I (Sehertawy) 2134 - 2117; Inyotef II (Wahankh) 2117-2069; Inyotef III (Nakhtnebtepnefer) 2069 - 2060
MIDDLE KINGDOM
This period is marked with foreign trade and enormous building projects. There is a refinement in the making of jewelry. Prosperity and renaissance existed for a long period of time, but eventually, internal problems become apparent.
11th Dynasty
Mentuhotep II 2055 -2004
Mentuhotep III (Sankhkare) 2004 - 1992
Mentuhotep IV (Nebtawyre) 1992 - 1987
12th Dynasty
Amenemhet I (Sehetepibre) 1991 - 1962
Senusret I (Kheperkare) 1956 - 1911
Amenemhet II (Nubkaure) 1911 - 1877
Senusret II (Khakheperre) 1877 - 1870
Senusret III (Khakaure) 1836 - 1817
Amenemhet III (Nimaatre) 1817 - 1772
Amenemhet IV (Maakherure) 1772 - 1763
Neferusobek (Sobekkare) 1763 - 1759
SECOND INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
The Hyksos invade and conquer.Eventually the Theban princes regain power.Kamose defeats the Hyksos.
13th Dynasty
Wegaf 1783-1779; Amenemhat-senebef; Sekhemre-khutawi; Amenemhat V; Sehetepibre I; Iufni; Amenemhat VI; Semenkare; Sehetepibre II; Sewadjkare; Nedjemibre; Sobekhotep I; Reniseneb; Hor I; Amenemhat VII; Sobekhotep II; Khendjer; Imira-mesha; Antef IV; Seth; Sobekhotep III; Neferhotep I 1696 - 1686; Sihathor 1685 - 1685; Sobekhotep IV 1685 - 1678; Sobekhotep V 1678 - 1674; Iaib 1674 - 1664; Ay 1664 - 1641; Ini I; Sewadjtu; Ined; Hori; Sobekhotep V; Dedumes I; Ibi II; Hor II; Senebmiu; Sekhanre I; Merkheperre; Merikare
14th Dynasty
Nehesi; Khatire; Nebfaure; Sehabre; Meridjefare; Sewadjkare; Heribre; Sankhibre; Kanefertemre; Neferibre; Ankhkare, ...
15th Dynasty
Salitis; Bnon; Apachnan (Khian); Apophis (Auserre Apepi); Khamudi
16th Dynasty
Anat-Her; User-anat; Semqen; Zaket; Wasa; Qar; Pepi III; Bebankh; Nebmaatre; Nikare II; Aahotepre; Aaneterire; Nubankhre; Nubuserre; Khauserre; Khamure; Jacob-Baal; Yakbam; Yoam; Amu, ...
17th Dynasty
Antef V; Rahotep; Sobekemzaf I; Djehuti; Mentuhotep VII; Nebirau I; Nebirau II; Semenenre; Suserenre; Sobekemzaf II; Antef VI; Antef VII; Tao I (Senakhtenre); Tao II (Sekenenre); Kamose (Wadjkheperre)
NEW KINGDOM
Extreme prosperity and renaissance in art and building projects mark the beginning of this period. Towards the end of the 19th Dynasty the increasing power of the priesthood corrupts the central government. During the 20th Dynasty tomb robbing is done by officials. The priesthood becomes hereditary and begins to assume secular power. The government breaks down.
18th Dynasty
Ahmose 1539 - 1514
Amenhotep I 1514 - 1493
Thutmose I 1493 - 1481
Thutmose II 1491 - 1479
Hatshepsut 1473 - 1458
Thutmose III 1504 - 1450
Amenhotep II 1427 - 1392
Thutmose IV 1419 - 1386
Amenhotep III 1382 - 1344
Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten 1350 - 1334
Smenkhkare 1336-1334
Tutankhamun 1334 - 1325
Ay 1325 - 1321
Horemheb 1323 - 1295
19th Dynasty
Ramesses I 1295 - 1294
Seti I 1394 - 1279
Ramesses II 1279 - 1213
Merenptah 1213 - 1203
Amenmesse 1203 - 1200
Seti II 1200 - 1194
Siptah 1194 - 1188
Tausert 1185-1187
20th Dynasty
Setakht 1186 - 1184
Ramesses III 1184 - 1153
Ramesses IV 1153 - 1147
Ramesses V 1147 - 1143
Ramesses VI 1143 - 1136
Ramesses VII 1136 - 1129
Ramesses VIII 1129 - 1126
Ramesses IX 1126 - 1108
Ramesses X 1108 - 1099
Ramesses XI 1099 - 1069
THIRD INTERMEDIATE PERIOD
The capital moves from Tanis to Libyan, to Nubia, to Thebes, to SAIS, and then back to Nubia and Thebes.
21st Dynasty
Northern Kings & Southern Rulers at Thebes
Smedes 1070-1044 Herihor 1080-1074
Amenemnisu 1040 Piankh 1074-1070
Psusennes I 1040-992 Pinedjem I 1070-1032
Amenope 993-984 Masaherta 1054-1046
Osochor 984-978 Menkheperre 1045-992
Siamun 978-959 Smendes II 992-990
Psusennes II 959-945 Pinedjem II 990-969
Psusennes III 969-945
22nd Dynasty
Shoshenq I 945-924; Osorkon I 924-909; Takelot 909--?; Shoshenq II ?--883; Osorkon II 883-855; Takelot II 860-835; Shoshenq III 835-783; Pami 783-773; Shoshenq IV 773-735; Osorkon IV 735-712
23rd Dynasty
Pedubaste I 828-803; Osorkon IV 777-749; Peftjauwybast 740-725
24th Dynasty
Shepsesre Tefnakht I 725-720; Wahkare Bakenranef 720-715
LATE KINGDOM
The Nubians fall under the Assyrians invasion.The Greeks help re-establish order. A renaissance in the arts of the 25th Dynasty shows a return to the Old Kingdom style.
25th Dynasty
Piye 747-716 BC; Shebaka 712-698; Shebitku 698-690; Taharqa 690-664; Tantamani 664-657
26th DynastyPsammetichus I (Psam-tik) 664-610; Nekau (Necho) II 610-595; Psammetichus II 595-589; Apries 589-570; Amasis 570-526; Psammetichus III 526-525
27th Dynasty
Cambyses 525-522
Darius I 521-486
Xerxes I 486-466
Artaxerxes I 465-424
Darius II 424-404
28th Dynasty
Amyrtaios 404-399
29th Dynasty
Nepherites I 399-393; Psammuthis 393; Hakoris 393-380; Nepherites II 380
30th Dynasty
The 30th Dynasty contains the last of the Egyptian-born Pharaohs.
Nectanebo I 380-362Teos 365-360; Nectanebo II 360-343
SECOND PERSIAN PERIOD (343-332 B.C.)
31st Dynasty
The 31st Dynasty is also known as the Second Persian Period and was added after Manetho created his list of kings..
GRECO-ROMAN PERIOD (332 B.C. - 395 A.D.)
Macedonian Kings - Alexandria
Alexander the Great 332-323
Philip Arrhidaeus 323-316
Alexander IV 316-304
Ptolemaic Dynasty
This period is confusing due to all of the co-regencies. Scholars are not always in agreement on the order of reigns and, in some cases, the reigns themselves, from Ptolemy VI through Ptolemy XI. In any event, Egypt's authority and wealth was intact until the death of Cleopatra, at which time, Egypt was overpowered by Rome.
Ptolemy I Soter I 323-285; Ptolemy II 282-246; Ptolemy III 246-222; Ptolemy IV 222-205; Ptolemy V 205-180; Ptolemy VI 180-164 163-145; Ptolemy VII 145; Ptolemy VIII 170-163 & 145-116
Cleopatra III & Ptolemy IX Soter II 116-107 & 88-80
Cleopatra III & Ptolemy X Alexander I 107-88
Cleopatra Berenice 81-80
Ptolemy XI Alexander II 80
Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos 80-58 & 55-51
Berenice IV 58-55
Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XIII 51-47
Cleopatra & Ptolemy XIV 47-44
Cleopatra VII & Ptolemy XV Cesarion 44-30 BC
Roman Emperors
Augustus 30 B.C. - 14 A.D.
Tiberius 14-37
